| Rechlin-Lärz Airfield | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IATA: REB – ICAO: EDAX | |||
| Summary | |||
| Airport type | Public | ||
| Operator | Entwicklungs-und Betriebsgesellschaft Müritzflugplatz Rechlin-Lärz mbH | ||
| Location | Rechlin | ||
| Elevation AMSL | 90 ft / 27 m | ||
| Runways | |||
| Direction | Length | Surface | |
| ft | m | ||
| 08/26 | 7,808 | 2,380 | Concrete |
| closed | 2,380 | Concrete | |
Rechlin-Lärz Airfield (IATA: REB, ICAO: EDAX) is an airfield in the village of Rechlin, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, which is certified for aviation equipment up to 14 tons weight. It is a former military airfield with a long history and has a concrete runway 2,080 m long, down from the original two.
The airport was the Third Reich era's Luftwaffe main testing ground, or Erprobungsstelle for new aircraft designs, the heart of which was actually centred on two large turf areas some 4.5 km (2.5 mi) due north (at ) of the 21st century era paved-runway airport facility. The core airfield of the Luftwaffe facility took the form of a typical pre-World War II aerodrome, with no clearly defined "runways", being bounded by a roughly hexagonal-layout perimeter road that still exists today, defining an area approximately 1,700 meters (5,700 ft) across within it of about 234.3 hectares, or 578.9 acres. The Rechlin data sheets on Luftwaffe and captured Allied aircraft are considered by many aviation historians to be among the most reliable sources for aircraft performance data from the World War II era. Its role was taken over after 1945 by the Bundeswehr military aviation installation at Manching, within West German borders, since Rechlin was well inside the borders of East Germany for 45 years.
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Construction of the first airfield at Rechlin started in 1916; the airfield was officially opened on 29 August 1918. After the end of World War I, the airfield was closed again and many of its installations dismantled. During the 1920s, the airfield was reopened as a civilian airbase, but it was soon used as a testing ground for the secret German air force experiments under the Treaty of Rapallo. The site was probably chosen for its remote location in an almost uninhabited area.
In 1935, the Rechlin airfield became the official testing ground of the newly formed Luftwaffe. The turf-surfaced site, bounded by a roughly hexagonal-layout ring road around its perimeter which still exists today, was designated Erprobungsstelle (E-Stelle) and was expanded by constructing two more airfields: a second, smaller turf-surfaced field just east of the main site in nearby Roggenthin and just south of the main site at Lärz, the latter of which became the modern 21st century airfield site. Construction work on the airfields and the accompanying barracks was partly carried out by forced labor from nearby concentration camp Ravensbrück.
Many of the Luftwaffe's new plane models were test flown at the main turf-fielded Rechlin facilities; KG 200 with its array of captured planes was a regular guest at the airfields. After several Allied bombing runs on the Rechlin and Roggenthin airfields in 1944, testing of late-war planes was shifted just southwards to Lärz. On April 10, 1945, a final bomber attack by the US Army Air Forces almost completely destroyed the airfields; what was left was blown up by the German garrison before Soviet troops arrived at Rechlin on May 2.
In 1946, the Soviet Air Force established a permanent presence at the airbase. An attack fighter squadron and later a helicopter squadron were stationed at Lärz; the airfield at Rechlin was used by the National People's Army (NVA). Military usage of the airfields continued until 1993, when the last Russian air force units were moved home. The Rechlin airfield was reopened for civilian use in 1994.
Oslo Report, which divulged the Erprobungstelle facility very early in the war to the British